RE: Trail Mileage - GPS

Truman Prevatt (truman.prevatt@netsrq.com)
Mon, 20 Jan 1997 09:37:40 -0400

>
>Some inherent problems with GPS for mapping trails for Endurance or for
>trail preservation/proof of usage (here in the east, anyway). The tree
>canopy will inhibit your ability to get a 2 or 3 satellite fix on your
>position which <really> limits its use. In addition, the accuracy
>ranges from zero to 100 yards. The military has a <DIAL> that they use
>to reset the actual accuracy of the signal every day, hence the
>variation. The idea is to prohibit other countries from using our GPS
>broadcast against us.

One other issue with using GPS in a tree canopy is multipath. That is the
signal you receive has been reflected and is not directly from the space
craft. This induces an error since it takes longer to get to you than it
would on the direct path. This can resut in errors on the aaverage of a
meter per nanosecond usnig any of the the GPS processing algorithms.
Multipath can typically induce errors on the oder of several 100 meters.
Thes same type thing can happen in a canyon.

The fuzziness is not induced by the USG it results because the accuracys of
the satellite position and velocity state vectors supplied to the
commercial and the timing signal available to the commercial user are not
as good as those supplied to DOD users. This can be somewhat over come by
using long term processing of multiple satllite data using at mulitple
locations, i.e. differential GPS.

For most purposes GPS is sufficient for accuracies to mark a trail.
However, in heavly wooded areas or canyons, GPS may not be very useful.

Truman

Truman Prevatt
Sarasota, FL