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Authors FBO Porcel, JR Ruiz, MJC Garzon, AG Sainz
Title   Hyponatremia in ultraendurance exercises. Effects on health and 
performance
Full source     Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutricion, 2004, Vol 54, Iss 2, pp 
155-164

Hyponatremia in ultraendurance exercises. Effects on health and performance. 
Dehydration is one of the main problems associated to endurance sports. In 
order to avoid the negative effects of dehydration athletes tend to drink well 
above their current needs. The negative effect of drinking too much fluid is 
hyponatremia. Hyponatremia is defined as a plasma sodium concentration lower 
than 135 mmol/L. Hyponatremia is the first cause of severe illness in 
ultraendurance sports and has been associated with sudden death. In this 
article, we analyze the causes, consequences, associated factors, therapeutic 
treatment and prevention of ultraendurance sports-associated hyponatremia. It 
is concluded that an adequate fluid ingestion is the best method to avoid 
hyponatremia. There is not conclusive data about the amount and necessity of 
sodium supplementation to avoid hyponatremia. However, it might be that it is 
not necessary to ingest additional sodium to prevent the development of 
hyponatremia in athletes who only partially replace theirs fluid losses during 
prolonged exercise.


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