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Authors N Kofotolis, IS Vrabas, E Vamvakoudis, A Papanikolaou, K Mandroukas
Title   Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation training induced alterations 
in muscle fibre type and cross sectional area - art. no. e11
Full source     British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2005, Vol 39, Iss 3, pp E11
KeyWords Plus   HEAVY-CHAIN COMPOSITION; M-VASTUS-LATERALIS; SINGLE FIBERS; 
BODY-BUILDERS; STRENGTH; PERFORMANCE; ENDURANCE; ISOFORMS
TGA/Book No.    904BP
Discipline      Sports Science & Medicine
Document type   Article
Language        English
Address Mandroukas K, Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Phys Educ & Sports Sci, Univ 
Campus, Thessaloniki 54124, GREECE
ISBN/ISSN       0306-3674
Publisher       B M J Publishing Group, British Med Assoc House,  Tavistock 
Square, London WC1H 9Jr, England
Abstract        Objectives: To compare the effects of proprioceptive 
neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) and isokinetic training on fibre type 
distribution and cross sectional area of the vastus lateralis muscle. Methods: 
Twenty four male university students were divided into two equal groups: PNF 
training and isokinetic training (ISO). The training regimen for the PNF group 
consisted of three sets of 30 repetitions against maximal resistance, 
alternating two patterns of sequential movements of the right lower extremity: 
( a) toe flexion and ankle plantar flexion and eversion; (b) knee extension and 
hip extension, abduction, and internal rotation. The ISO group performed three 
sets of 30 repetitions alternating knee extension and flexion of the right leg 
at angular velocities of 180 and 90 degrees/s in an isokinetic dynamometer 
(Cybex). Both groups trained three times a week for a total of eight weeks. 
Muscle biopsy specimens were obtained from the right vastus lateralis muscle 
before and after training. Results: The mean percentage area of type IIB fibre 
was significantly decreased ( p< 0.01) after eight weeks of PNF training, 
whereas that of type IIA fibre was significantly ( p< 0.05) increased. The mean 
percentage area of ISO trained type IIAB fibres exhibited an augmentative 
pattern ( p< 0.01) with a parallel reduction ( p< 0.05) in type IIA. Percentage 
fibre type distribution exhibited a similar pattern. Conclusions: Both PNF and 
ISO training alter fibre type distribution and mean cross sectional area. These 
changes occur in the type II fibre subgroup.


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